Build a Variable Power Supply with L200 – Circuit & Guide
A variable power supply is essential for electronics projects, allowing precise voltage and current control. The L200 regulator IC provides a stable adjustable voltage range from 3V to 15V with a maximum current of 2A. This guide explains how the L200-based power supply works, its components, and how to build it.
🔹 How the L200 Power Supply Works
The L200 IC is an adjustable voltage regulator with overload and thermal protection. The output voltage is controlled by a 10K variable resistor (potentiometer), and the current limit prevents damage to connected components.
📌 Key Features of L200 Power Supply:
✔ Adjustable Output Voltage: 3V – 15V
✔ Current Range: 10mA – 2A max
✔ Short-circuit & Overload Protection
✔ Efficient Heat Dissipation with a Heatsink
🔹 Circuit Diagram & Components
📌 Required Components:
🔹 L200 Regulator IC
🔹 Variable Resistor (10K Potentiometer) – Adjusts output voltage
🔹 Capacitors (0.1µF, 220µF, 470µF) – Smooths voltage fluctuations
🔹 Diodes (1N4007, 1N5408) – Protection against reverse polarity
🔹 Resistors (220Ω, 1KΩ, 0.22Ω 5W) – Current limiting
🔹 Heat Sink – Prevents overheating
🔹 Transformer (16V, 3A) – AC power source
🔹 Bridge Rectifier – Converts AC to DC
🔹 Step-by-Step Assembly Guide
📌 1. Connect the Transformer & Rectifier
- Convert AC (16V) to DC using a bridge rectifier.
- Use a 470µF capacitor for voltage smoothing.
📌 2. Install the L200 Regulator
- Connect the L200 IC in a TO-220 heatsink to prevent overheating.
- Link capacitors (0.1µF, 220µF) at the input and output for stability.
📌 3. Adjust Voltage with 10K Potentiometer
- The variable resistor (10KΩ) controls output voltage.
- Turning the knob increases or decreases the voltage within the 3V – 15V range.
📌 4. Set the Current Limit
- A 0.22Ω (5W) resistor ensures a maximum current of 2A.
- If the load exceeds 2A, the L200 automatically reduces voltage to protect the circuit.
📌 5. Test the Output
- Use a multimeter to check voltage levels.
- Ensure the circuit delivers stable voltage and current without overheating.
🔹 Conclusion
The L200-based variable power supply is an excellent choice for electronics enthusiasts. It provides precise voltage control, overload protection, and thermal safety, making it ideal for powering DIY circuits, Arduino projects, and small electronic devices.
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